I am asked all the time “is this normal?” when it comes to baby and toddler sleep. The truth is that there is such a wide spectrum of “normal” and so much of how our child sleeps comes down to their temperament. There ARE some things, though, that stand out to me as a sleep specialist which I call “red flags.” These red flags might be signs that there is something underlying (often medical but not always serious!) that is causing your little one to wake more than what I would consider to be “normal” for their age. I encourage parents to look into these red flags, to trust their gut, and to get second opinions when needed.

First, let’s talk about hourly waking and red flags. First of all, hourly wakings are not always a red flag, but they sure are exhausting and if they’ve persisted for a while, they might be cause for further investigation. Sometimes babies go through rough patches where they wake much more than normal. Teething, illness, developmental bursts, travel, separation anxiety etc. can all be culprits for this. Highly sensitive babies also may go through periods of waking very frequently and needing support to get back to sleep. However, if a baby is waking hourly (meaning between every sleep cycle) and needing lots of support to get back to sleep or is very fussy or upset during these wakes, takes a long time to calm down and resettle, etc., then this waking could signify something more going on. Additionally, if your baby wakes this frequently even while cosleeping, and has some of the following symptoms, it may be a red flag.

What is hourly waking and when is it a red flag?

Hourly waking is pretty much what it sounds like: when your baby is waking up approximately every hour, most of the night, or all night long. There are a few reasons this might be happening, but remember it's not always something you need to panic over!

The first thing to understand is the infant sleep cycle. Unlike adults, babies have short sleep cycles that range from about 50 to 60 minutes. This means that when they're waking up every hour, they are simply between sleep cycles. Even though adults have longer sleep cycles, we briefly week between each one as well. Usually we are able to fall right back asleep and enter the next cycle, and don't even remember these wakings (unless we need some thing like to pee or get a drink, or if we're sick or uncomfortable, etc.).

Now let's talk about temperament. When babies wake between sleep cycles, they are essentially doing so to be sure they are still safe, and to signal to the parent if they aren't. They may also signal if they have a need, like if they're wet, cold, hungry, or simply lonely. They may also signal if they have a nervous system that relies more heavily on their caregiver soothing them back to sleep via sucking, motion, or contact. More intense, highly sensitive babies are likely to be these “signaler” types and might require more parental support to connect sleep cycles for a while.

what should I look out for that could indicate a concern?

There are some symptoms to look out for that COULD indicate a concern, especially when paired with very frequent and persistent wakings such as…

Mouth breathing or snoring
Gasping or pauses in breath
Screaming when waking
Obvious discomfort or pain
Taking a long time to settle back down
Feeding issues or tongue ties
Physical symptoms like rashes/eczema
Frequent congestion
Very restless sleep, especially with legs thrashing

While we do expect most babies to be able to sleep for at least a couple of sleep cycles at a time, the reality is that some simply always need more support between cycles, and hourly waking is not always a red flag in and of itself. It’s always good to rule things out just in case, though, especially if you notice any of these symptoms as well.

Step 1- Rule Out:

Sleep progression/developmental burst
Teething
Illness
Feeding issue
Separation/big change in the family
Environmental or sensory factors

Step 2- Consider Oral Ties or Airway Issue

Undiagnosed or unaddressed oral ties can cause airway obstruction among other things. Enlarged tonsils/adenoids, sleep apnea, and other disordered breathing conditions can cause disrupted sleep. This is not medical advice however, you should always consult with a trained pediatric dentist or ENT.

Step 3- Consider Allergies

Food sensitivities or allergies can be a big red flag for frequent waking especially if there are other symptoms like rash, stool issues, congestion etc. or if your baby seems really distressed or in pain when they wake up. Consider speaking with a Lactation Consultant who may recommend an elimination diet of common allergens such as dairy, soy, and gluten to see if you notice any change. This takes a few days. Again, consult with a pediatrician, IBCLC, naturopath, or allergy specialist right away, especially for severe symptoms like changes in breathing, color, or bloody, foamy or mucousy stools.

Step 4- Check Iron Stores (ferritin)

Iron deficiency/anemia are linked to poor nighttime sleep, restless leg syndrome, and insomnia. Your baby has a higher chance of being low in iron if you were low in pregnancy, if they were born prematurely, or if there was no delayed cord clamping at birth. This is most commonly an issue after six months, as most babies will have a sufficient iron store until then, especially if breastfed. Consult your doctor to check your babies blood for ferritin (blood protein that stores iron). Levels under 50 can disrupt sleep.

Step 5- Take Care of Yourself

Hourly waking is NOT normal and it's HARD. It's not a sustainable situation for anyone. While you got to the bottom of what's going on with your baby, be sure you're taking care of yourself. Go to bed early, nap when you can, and consider doing shifts if you have a partner. Practice adding in more sleep associations for your baby so that there are other ways of soothing them to sleep other than breastfeeding so you can share the load. If you have someone who can watch your baby for a while to take a nap, DO IT! Outsource what you can and let some things go for now.

I hear pretty much every day from people saying that they bring issues like this up with their pediatricians and are brushed off. Most of them say they're told to sleep train or to stop nursing to sleep as if that will fix the problem. Nursing to sleep is absolutely NOT the reason that your baby can't sleep for more than an hour at a time. There are millions and millions of babies that nurse to sleep and can sleep for long stretches or even through the night. The only way that feeding would be the culprit for this is if there were some type of allergy, reflux, or some other condition that was exacerbated by your baby feeding and becoming uncomfortable.

Then the other thing is sleep training. Doctors, spouses, family members, etc. often want us to sleep train so that we will stop complaining about our babies waking up. For some babies, sleep training does cause them to stop signaling for you, so parents assume they're sleeping through the night and get so excited that it worked. But studies have shown that sleep trained babies actually wake up just as much as non-sleep train babies. They just won't cry out for you each time. So this is in fixing any potential issue that your baby is going through and it could pop back up at any time.

If you are currently suffering from hourly wakings, please make sure to consult with your doctor to rule out anything more serious. You can also book a consultation with our team to help you figure out which professionals are best to address your unique situation.

Hang in there!

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Most parents get to a point where their current method of supporting baby’s sleep stops working. Perhaps you want to switch things up in your bedtime routine, or you want to change what you use to help your baby to sleep. Whatever your reason for wanting to change up the sleep associations, these are my quick tips for making gentle changes without any need for sleep training.